Keywords
Quitosano
Actividad antibacteriana
Aceites esenciales
Carvacrol
How to Cite
Abstract
El quitosano (Qs) es ampliamente utilizado en el desarrollo de nanosistemas de liberación de componentes bioactivos en áreas de la biomedicina, debido a su biocompatibilidad, biodegradabilidad y baja toxicidad. En el presente trabajo se reporta la obtención de nanopartículas de quitosano modificado con ácido octanoico (QsH) y la encapsulación y transporte de un compuesto bioactivo. Se seleccionó el carvacrol (CAR), compuesto monoterpenoide principal del aceite esencial de orégano y tomillo, debido a sus propiedades antimicrobianas y antioxidantes. La estructura química del Qs se modificó mediante una reacción de amidación, injertando cadenas hidrocarbonadas de 8 carbonos a lo largo del esqueleto químico del Qs (grado de sustitución 15 %), por medio de la unión del ácido carboxílico del ácido octanoico y los grupos amino del Qs. El éxito de la reacción se monitorizó por espectroscopía de infrarrojo (FTIR). Las nanopartículas (NPs) de QsH se obtuvieron por el método de gelificación iónica usando tripolifosfato pentasódico (TPP) como agente reticulante. Para favorecer la encapsulación del CAR en las NPs de QsH, se preparó una emulsión de Tween 80:CAR la cual se utilizó en diferentes proporciones de QsH/CAR (25.0, 50.0 y 75.0 % (p/p)) para la obtención de las NPs de QsH/CAR. Una vez obtenidas las NPs de QsH con y sin CAR se les determinó el tamaño hidrodinámico y el potencial Z. En particular, las NPs de QsH/ CAR preparadas a la proporción del 50 % (p/p) mostraron un tamaño de promedio de 200 nm y un potencial Z de 13.44 mV, las cuales muestran una forma ovoide, según las imágenes de Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica (AFM). Los ensayos de viabilidad bacteriana muestran que tanto E. coli como S. aureus son susceptibles a la actividad de las NPs de QsH/CAR, observándose una drástica disminución de la viabilidad bacteriana, más para la bacteria Gram (+). Estos resultados sugieren que las NPs de QsH/ CAR son biomateriales nanoestructurados novedosos con posibles aplicaciones en el área de la biomedicina.
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